The stage structure is the "framework system" that supports the smooth operation of performances and events. It must simultaneously meet three core requirements: load-bearing safety, functional adaptability Aluminum Alloy Stage Truss, and scene aesthetics. Stages of different scales Backdrop Truss for Photo Booths vary greatly in structure, but their core all consists of four parts: "foundation support, stage surface system, upper structure, and auxiliary accessories." Stages for different scenarios differ drastically in structural complexity. To understand their structural design in a targeted manner, it is necessary to first clarify their types.
The "Four Core Components" of Stage Structure: Disassembled from Bottom to Top
Regardless of the type of stage, its core structure follows the logic of "from foundation to upper layers." Each part has a clear function, and none are dispensable:
1. Foundation Support System: The "Foundation" of the Stage, Determining Stability
The foundation support acts as the "legs" of the stage, responsible for transferring the entire stage’s weight Background Truss for Stage Design to the ground. The key requirements are "stability" and "levelness." There are three common types: Example: A small foldable stage requires 4 support legs per 2㎡. After unfolding, twist the knobs to level the stage—one person can set up the support frame in 5 minutes.
Modular Truss Support lightweight Stage Truss System: Aluminum alloy trusses lightweight Stage Truss system are assembled into a "grid-like foundation frame." "Adjustable support feet" (height adjustable from 0.5m to 2m) are installed at the joints. This type is suitable for uneven outdoor surfaces modular stage Truss structure. Advantages: High load capacity (≥500 kg per joint). Wind resistance can be enhanced by adding "ground anchors" (driven into the ground) or "counterweights" durable stage truss frame, making it the first choice for music festivals and outdoor celebrations.
Fixed Steel Structure Support (for permanent stages, e.g., theaters): Welded from hot-dip galvanized steel into a fixed frame, it is either embedded in the ground or connected to the building’s main structure.transparent; The spacing and height of the support legs are fixed, and the surface is treated for corrosion resistance. Suitable for long-term use, it has a load capacity of over 1000 kg/㎡ quick assembly stage truss.
2. Stage Surface System: The "Floor" of the Stage, Balancing Safety and Practicality
The stage surface is the part directly contacted by performers, with core requirements of "slip resistance, load-bearing capacity, and easy cleaning." It consists of two layers: "base layer + surface panel."
Base Layer: Serves to bear weight and level the surface. Small stages use "multi-layer plywood" (15–20 mm thick, with waterproof treatment). Medium to large stages use "aluminum alloy honeycomb panels" (lightweight yet high in load capacity, ≥300 kg/㎡, and moisture-proof). The base layer must be laid on the "beams" of the support system (with a spacing ≤60 cm to prevent the surface from collapsing).
Surface Panel: Divided into "professional stage panels" and "general-purpose panels":
Professional Stage Panels (for dance and drama performances): Made of "multi-layer birch plywood" (surface coated with slip-resistant and wear-resistant materials like PVC or rubber). They have good elasticity (providing cushioning for performers’ jumps to reduce knee damage) and are slip-resistant (even when wet from sweat or spilled water).
General-Purpose Panels (for conferences, exhibitions): Made of "fire-retardant MDF" or "aluminum alloy gussets." The surface can be covered with printed graphics (e.g., brand logos, stage themes) and is easy to clean. Suitable for scenarios without intense physical activity.
Note: The surface of outdoor stages requires "waterproof treatment" (waterproof film on the base layer and waterproof materials for the surface panel) to prevent rainwater from seeping into the base layer and causing mold or deformation.
3. Upper Structure: The "Functional Expansion Area" of the Stage, for Lighting and Background Installation
The upper structure is the "value-added part" of the stage, responsible for meeting the needs of lighting, sound, and background setup. Its core lies in "load-bearing capacity + flexibility," and it mainly includes three categories:
Lighting Trusses (essential for all stage types): Installed above or on both sides of the stage, they are specially designed to hang lighting equipment (e.g., PAR lights, moving head lights). Mostly aluminum alloy pin-connected trusses (quick to assemble and disassemble—1–2 people can connect one section in 30 seconds), they typically have a "triangular cross-section" (strong resistance to lateral displacement, preventing shaking caused by lighting vibration).Example: A medium-sized stage has a "linear lighting truss" (8–12 m span) above it and "vertical lighting trusses" (4–6 m height) on both sides, capable of hanging 10–15 professional lights to meet basic performance needs.
Background Frames/Scenic Frames: Used to fix stage backgrounds (printed cloth, LED screens, physical props). Small stages use "foldable background frames" (steel tube, telescopic). Medium to large stages use "aluminum alloy trusses assembled into background walls" (capable of hanging large LED screens, with a load capacity ≥100 kg/㎡). Background frames must be connected to the foundation support to prevent being blown over (add diagonal braces for outdoor use).
Sound Frames/Special Effects Frames: Large stages have "sound trusses" (for hanging line array speakers) and "special effects frames" (for installing fog machines, bubble machines, and lighting effects) on both sides or at the back. Reinforced aluminum alloy trusses (cross-section ≥500×500 mm) are used to ensure safe fixation of equipment (each speaker weighs over 300 kg, requiring separate load calculation).
4. Auxiliary Accessories: Details Determine How "User-Friendly" the Stage Is
These seemingly small accessories directly affect user experience and safety. Common ones include:
Guardrails/Steps: When the stage height is ≥0.6 m, guardrails (1.1 m high, to prevent performers from falling) must be installed on both sides. Steps (15–20 cm high, with anti-slip strips) are needed at the audience area or performer entrance. The material should match the stage (aluminum alloy or wood).
Cable Trays/Waterproof Junction Boxes: "Cable trays" (to hide lighting and sound wires and prevent tripping) must be installed under the stage surface or on trusses. Outdoor stages use "waterproof junction boxes" (to avoid short circuits from rainwater). All electrical wires have to be threaded through flame-retardant tubes to comply with safety standards.
Counterweights/Ground Anchors: For outdoor stages, the upper structure (lighting frames, background frames) must be equipped with counterweights (2×50 kg water-filled sandbags or cast iron weights per column). When the span exceeds 12 m, "guy wires + ground anchors" are added (guy wires at an optimal 45° angle to enhance wind resistance), preventing trusses from toppling in strong winds.
Lifting/Rotating Devices (for large professional stages): Theaters and concert main stages are equipped with "hydraulic lifting platforms" (adjustable height 1–3 m, enabling performers to "descend from the sky") and "rotating stages" (3–10 m in diameter, 0.5–2 rpm).
This content reads as if it is human-written.">transparent; Driven by motors + steel structures, they must be rigidly connected to the fixed support system to ensure stable operation.
III. Stage Structure Design Examples
1. Small Bar Resident Singer Stage (4m×2m, 0.6m high)
Foundation Support: 4 foldable steel tube support legs (with adjustment knobs), plus 2 horizontal steel tube beams (1.8 m spacing).
Stage Surface: 18 mm waterproof plywood base layer, surface panel with anti-slip PVC film.
Upper Structure: 1 small foldable background frame (2.5 m high, for hanging printed cloth), 1 simple lighting rod (for 2 PAR lights).
Auxiliary: 1 wooden step (2 levels, with anti-slip strips), no guardrails (low height, low risk).
2. Outdoor Music Festival Secondary Stage (10m×6m, 1m high)
Foundation Support: Aluminum alloy square tube trusses assembled into a "5m×3m grid foundation frame," 8 adjustable support feet (for leveling the ground), 1×50 kg cast iron weight next to each support foot.
Stage Surface: Aluminum alloy honeycomb panel base layer, anti-slip stage surface panel (with rubber coating), waterproof edges.
Upper Structure: Triangular cross-section aluminum alloy lighting truss above (10 m span, for 8 moving head lights + 2 follow spots), vertical background frames on both sides (for 6m×3m printed cloth, with diagonal braces for wind resistance).
Auxiliary: Aluminum alloy guardrails (1.1 m high) on both sides, 3-level steps (with anti-slip strips) at the performer entrance, cable trays under the stage surface (for hiding wires).
3. Theater Permanent Stage (15m×8m, 1.2m high)
Foundation Support: Fixed hot-dip galvanized steel support frame (50 cm embedded in the ground), with 2 hydraulic lifting platforms (4m×2m, 1.5m lifting height).
Stage Surface: 20 mm waterproof plywood base layer, professional birch stage surface panel (with anti-slip coating).
Upper Structure: Fixed lighting grid above (aluminum alloy bolt-connected, 1m×1m spacing for easy lighting adjustment), fixed LED screen frame at the back (for 12m×5m LED screen).
Auxiliary: Fixed steel guardrails on both sides, electric steps in the audience area, pre-reserved cable channels and special effects equipment interfaces (fog machines, dry ice machines) under the stage surface.
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